最詳盡的貓咪知識懶人包Think like a Cat

本篇是 Think like a Cat 貓咪思維的閱讀筆記，希望大家都養出健康開心的貓咪
最先最先，附上貓咪人類的年齡對照表
Here are some notes from the book “Think like a cat" by Pam Johnson-Bennett

我們剛滿一歲的Mumu已經是人類的15歲，而將要滿兩歲的Bella就等於快24歲了呢。
貓咪的前兩年是成長/青少年黃金時期，主人的陪伴還有各種習慣的養成都很重要哦！第三年開始，每一年大約是人類的四年。
The first two years of cat life are the approximate equivalent of twenty-four human years. That’s a lot of growing and maturing that a cat goes through in a short amount of time. Each year after the age of two equals approximately four human years

首先，先從身體器官來說起-

眼睛👀

貓咪並不是在完全黑暗中還視力很好，而是對於人類而言的全黑，對他們來說並不是全黑。People mistakenly assume that cats can see when it’s totally dark, which isn’t the case. They can, however, see in conditions we consider total darkness.

貓咪有一層淡粉色的第三眼皮，用來在野外狩獵時保護眼睛，不被樹叢或高草刺傷。Cats have a third eyelid known as the nictitating membrane. This pale pink membrane normally rests at the inner corner of the eye. If protection of the eye is needed, it will unfold and cover the surface. Since cats generally hunt in tall grass and brush, the nictitating membrane protects the eye

貓咪的眼睛有很多種顏色，65～85%的藍眼睛白貓天生耳聾，兩眼不同色的貓咪通常藍眼睛那一邊的耳朵聽不見。貓咪對色彩的辨識有限制，牠們看得見藍色、灰色、黃色、綠色，他們看不見紅色。Cats’ eyes come in several colors, the most common being green or gold. White cats with blue eyes suffer from congenital deafness. Frequently, odd-eyed cats have deafness on the side with the blue eye. Cats have limited color vision. They can see blues, grays, yellows, and greens. They don’t see reds.

耳朵👂

貓咪耳朵非常敏感，可以聽到的頻率比人類耳朵廣。而在高頻方面可以聽到的比狗狗還要高。牠們可以聽到比人類耳朵高兩個八度的聲音。A cat’s hearing range is better than that of a human and at the higher end is better than even that of a dog. Their hearing is so sensitive that cats can distinguish between two similar sounds from dozens of feet away. They can hear about two octaves higher than us.

貓咪耳朵可以轉180度，兩邊各自獨立。我們也可以從耳朵看出他們的心情：
平平的往下，像飛機翅膀是煩躁或降伏；焦慮的貓咪耳朵會微微抽動；兩耳直立向前代表警戒。貓咪打架的時候耳朵會往後往下，來降低傷害的可能性。Your cat’s ears can rotate 180 degrees and one ear can rotate independently of the other. They are also mood indicators. Ears flattened sideways and down reflect irritation or possible submission. An anxious cat may twitch his ears. When the ears face forward, it often indicates alertness. During a fight (or in anticipation of one), the ears are rotated back and flattened to prevent them from being damaged by an opponent’s claws or teeth.

鼻子👃

他們的鼻子有兩億個氣味細胞，人類有多少個呢？我們有五百萬個。The cat’s nose has approximately two hundred million scent cells. To give you an idea of how your cat’s nose compares to yours, humans only have about five million.

牙齒🦷

大約在六個月的時候所有牙齒就已經長好了，貓咪總共有13顆牙齒。
The permanent teeth are usually in by six months. There are thirty teeth in total.

貓鬍鬚🐱

貓鬍鬚可以幫助貓咪分辨空間大小（身體是不是過得去）。照理來說貓鬍鬚會與身體同寬，但現實層面有很多貓咪都過胖。The muzzle whiskers help a cat to determine if he can fit through a tight spot. In theory, the width of the whiskers should match the width of the body. In reality, though, many cats are overweight so their body width far exceeds the whisker tips.

向前散開的貓鬍鬚代表警戒，一對放鬆的貓鬍鬚是在一側沒有扇開的。如果貓鬍鬚間隔縮緊貼近臉頰則是代表侵略性的可能。Whiskers that are forward-facing and spread out usually indicate that the cat is alert and ready for action. The whiskers of a relaxed cat are positioned sideways and not as fanned out. Fear or potential aggression is communicated by the whiskers being tightly spaced and flattened back against the face.

尾巴🐈

尾巴是脊椎的1/3，用來幫助平衡。貓咪警戒或是問好時尾巴垂直向上，放鬆的貓咪尾巴是有點與地板平行或微微下垂的。如果尾巴來回鞭動，代表貓咪覺得厭煩暴躁，還是先閃微妙🤭
尾巴受傷可能會造成永遠的平衡障礙，還有致命的膀胱損害問題。The tail is one-third of the spine, is used for balance. An upright tail when the cat is standing or walking lets you know he’s alert. It’s also the position used in greeting. A relaxed cat’s tail is horizontal or somewhat down. When your cat flicks his upright tail at you, it’s usually meant as a greeting. In most cases, the message he’s sending is “Hi, I’ve missed you. When’s dinner?” A lashing or thumping tail reflects arousal or irritation. If you’re petting your cat when this happens, it’s a very good idea to back off. Injury to your cat’s tail can result in a permanent loss of balance and create severe or fatal bladder problems.

其他身體構造others😸

貓咪有不固定的鎖骨，讓他們能夠自由穿梭在狹小的空間。他們的衝刺速度可以到每小時48公里，難怪我都追不到他們🤪Cats have a floating clavicle that is not attached to bone. This gives them the ability to squeeze into tighter spaces. Cats have a sprinting speed of about 30 miles per hour. • Cats can jump about five times their height.

貓咪都用腳趾頭走路，這讓他們可以快速轉換方向、行走更快速，也不容易被發現。Cats are digitigrade walkers, which means they walk on their toes. This increases their stealth, speed, and ability to make quick directional turns.

為什麼會呼嚕呼嚕，什麼時候會呼嚕呼嚕呢？Why do they purr?
研究顯示25赫茲的震動有助於傷口復合，增加骨頭密度和肌肉量。此外，在貓咪臨終前，他們也有可能會呼嚕呼嚕；像有些久病人類臨死前會有「欣快症」，貓咪似乎也有同樣的症狀。Studies have shown that vibrations of 25 hertz applied to extremities promote wound healing, and increase bone density and muscle mass. When a cat is close to death is also a time that purring can occur. Euphoria has been reported by some terminally ill human patients, so perhaps cats may experience this as well.

貓咪的口水有氣味中和的能力，為自己梳毛可以去除氣味，以保護自己被敵人發現。
The cat’s saliva contains a natural odor neutralizer

貓咪身上的氣味腺分佈的地方有：額頭、嘴巴周圍、下巴、手掌和肛門。通常貓咪互相問好的方式是聞聞對方的嘴巴周圍或屁股。These scent glands are found on the forehead, around the mouth and chin, on the paw pads, and around the anal region.

貓咪的玩樂時間Cat’s Play🎲

貓咪的玩樂分成兩種，一是社交玩樂，二是物品（單人）玩樂；社交玩樂需要有其他貓咪、動物或是人類的參與。本書比建議單獨使用雷射筆與貓咪玩，因為雷射沒有觸感。建議用雷射筆開始遊戲時間，把紅點照在實體的玩具上，用摸得到的玩具和貓咪玩。理想的狀況下，每天跟貓咪玩兩次，每次10-15分鐘。Cats engage in two forms of play: social play and object (or solo) play. Social play involves another cat, pet, or human. Point the laser at the target on the end of the interactive toy and then let the tactile part of the game begin. Since the purpose of interactive playtime is to create stimulation and leave the cat happy and confident, it’s important to provide your cat with opportunities to succeed. Ideally it would be great if you could fit in two sessions a day (ten to fifteen minutes each).

關於貓薄荷的部分，一個禮拜不要超過兩次。貓薄荷讓貓咪有歡快感又沒有任何副作用，但如果貓咪太常接觸貓薄荷，有可能因此而變得無感，那就很可惜。Limit catnip to once or twice a week， otherwise the cat might become numb to catnips.
書中介紹了幾款貓咪玩具和餵食器，我另外整理在這裡：
There are some recommended toys and feeders in the book that I did buy for my cats, here are the reviews:

貓咪食物的部分Feeding cats🍗
蛋白質是由胺基酸組成，有必要和非必要兩種，非必要的胺基酸可以藉由身體合成。在大約22種餓得胺基酸裡，有11種是必要種類，因為貓咪無法自己合成，必須透過食物。貓咪是肉食性動物，他們必須從肉裡攝取維他命A還有其他必要的營養素。Protein is made up of amino acids. There are two kinds: essential and nonessential . The nonessential amino acids can be synthesized by the body. Of the approximately twenty-two amino acids, eleven are referred to as essential because they can’t be synthesized by the cat and must come from food sources. Cats are carnivores, period. They must get their vitamin A, along with other essential nutrients, from meat. Unlike us, a cat’s body is unable to convert beta carotene into usable vitamin A.

植物的多不飽和脂肪沒有辦法被，貓咪利用，他們必須透過動物脂肪來攝取到足夠的脂肪酸營養。肉類裡的脂肪同時也增加了食物的美味。貓咪不是狗狗，如果餵他們狗食的話，會有健康狀況上的風險和營養素不足的危險；反之，吃貓食的狗狗會攝取太多不必要的蛋白質。Polyunsaturated fat (from vegetable oil) can’t be converted by the cat, so the essential fatty acid, arachidonic acid, must be obtained from animal sources. Fat also adds to the food’s palatability. Your Cat Isn’t a Dog, so Don’t Feed Him Dog Food. If your cat eats dog food, he’s at serious risk of developing health problems because of vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Dog who is allowed to eat cat food will be consuming far more protein than he requires.

貓食包裝上的營養資訊Cat food packaging info📄

貓罐頭的命名方式有特別的規定，例如「Chicken Cat Food（雞肉貓食）」代表裡面雞肉的成分佔了95%。如果雞肉成分是介於25-95%，名字就要有所改變，例如改成「貓食雞肉晚餐」。如果名字裡面有不同的的原物料名稱，順序必須依照含量排序，而且每個成分必須佔至少3%。
In order for the food to be named “Chicken Cat Food,” chicken must constitute at least 95 percent of the total weight of all ingredients (minus water used for processing). If chicken isn’t at 95 percent, it can still be used in the name, according to AAFCO, providing it constitutes at least 25 percent, but it must then be referred to as dinner, grill, or another descriptive term. So the name of the product might then be “Cat Food Chicken Dinner.” If there’s more than one ingredient in the name, they must appear in order of weight. Also, if a combination of ingredients are used in the name, each ingredient must constitute a minimum of 3 percent of the product weight (less water used for processing).

千萬別餵貓咪的食物Do not feed cats these food☠️:

牛奶-可能會造成腹瀉
Milk-Feeding milk to your cat could result in diarrhea.

生雞蛋-
生蛋白裡有一種叫做抗生物素蛋白的酶會破壞貓咪體內的生物素。生物素幫助轉換食物成能量。
Raw Eggs- Raw egg whites contain an enzyme called avidin that destroys biotin in the body. Biotin helps convert food into energy.

巧克力-28公克就可以殺死一隻貓。
Chocolate- Mere ounces can kill a cat.

洋蔥-無論是生吃、煮熟或曬乾都對貓咪有毒，因為洋蔥裡含有破壞貓咪體內紅血球的物質。
Onions- whether raw, cooked, or dehydrated, are toxic because they contain a substance that can destroy a cat’s red blood cells.

大蒜-雖然毒性不如洋蔥，但也對貓咪有毒。
Garlic-can also cause the formation of Heinz bodies, but is not as toxic as onions.

餵食貓咪注意事項Tips for feeding cats🤤:
不要在貓咪乞討的時候餵他食物，除非你要教他如何訓練你成為貓奴。盡量餵乾食和濕食貓咪，嘗試多各品牌，養一隻不挑食的貓咪。在家裡可以用濕食餵餐，餵食器/食物迷宮裡放乾食。
Never give your cat food when he begs—otherwise you’ve just show him the way to train you. Feed a variety of flavors from a couple of manufacturers. Feed both dry and canned food so your cat is comfortable with different tastes, scents, and textures. How I do this in my home is to feed canned-food meals and use dry food in the puzzle feeders.

皮膚問題Skin and Fur🧖🏽‍♀️

替貓咪梳毛之前，先用刷子刷自己的手臂內側，抓一下力道。
貓咪也會長痘痘的，他們的痘痘像是乾掉的黑頭，會出現在下巴的位置。Before you use any brush or comb, run it along the inside of your forearm to get a feel for how lightly you should brush. Feline acne, the result of those oil glands working overtime on the chin, shows up as dark, crusty blackheads.

解決跳蚤問題-
用除蚤產品幫貓咪洗澡。先從脖子開始，如果從尾部開始，跳蚤們可能會往前跑到貓咪的耳朵、眼睛、嘴巴、鼻子裡。
Tackling fleas- Soap the cat all around the neck with flea shampoo first. If you do the back first and there are any fleas on the cat, they’ll race up to his head and crawl into his ears, eyes, nose, and mouth.

移除蜱-滴一滴酒精或礦物油在蜱上，幾秒後移除。To remove a tick, cover it with a drop of alcohol or mineral oil, wait a few seconds for the tick to release its hold.

孕期&新生貓寶寶Gestation& New born kittens👶🏼

貓咪的孕期大約65 天，通常都可以順利生產，不需要人類的介入。
貓媽媽會咬開初生寶寶身上的膜，然後開始舔拭寶寶的臉，讓他們鼻子嘴巴暢通，開始呼吸。Gestation in a cat is about sixty-five days. The newborn kitten will be surrounded in a membrane that the mother will bite open; then she’ll begin licking the kitten’s face to clear the nose and mouth to start his breathing.

初乳對貓寶寶來說很重要，在他們的免疫系統發展完善以前，初乳裡有能暫時保護他們的抗體。
新生的貓寶寶是聽不見也看不到的，他們透過媽媽的體溫和呼嚕呼嚕的震動來找到媽媽吸奶。
The first milk, called colostrum, is vital because it’ll provide antibodies that temporarily protect the kittens against disease until their own immune systems begin functioning. Newborn kittens are deaf and blind. They locate their mother by her warmth and through the vibration of her purrs.

出生的兩週是成長的關鍵期
•剛出生的貓寶寶體重大約在99-113g之間
•媽媽會24小時守在寶寶旁
•臍帶會在3-4天後脫離寶寶身體
•寶寶無法恆溫，有非常敏銳的嗅覺
•體重會在第一個星期內翻倍
•必須靠媽媽的舔拭來刺激排泄
Some of the important stages in kitten development happen within the First Two Weeks.
• weight at birth will be approximately 3 1⁄2–4 ounces
• mother will stay with kittens around the clock for the first twenty-four hours
• umbilical cord will drop off after two or three days
• inability to regulate body temperature
• highly developed sense of smell
• weight will double in the first week
•mother must stimulate each kitten’s elimination process by licking

2-4週-
眼睛耳朵會在10-14天的時候打開，乳牙長出來。3週時貓寶寶可以自行排便，媽媽會教他們如何掩蓋自己的排泄物。3-4週同時也是社交玩樂開始的重要時間、學會翻身、開始斷奶、吃固態食物。
5週- 學會為自己梳毛
8週-完全斷奶、乳牙長齊、社交玩樂
Two Weeks–Four Weeks
• eyes and ears open at about ten to fourteen days
• milk teeth start appearing
• at three weeks the kittens are able to eliminate on their own
• the mother shows her kittens how to cover their waste
• social play begins between three to four weeks of age • important socialization time
•righting reflex develops, weaning starts, consumption of solid food begins.
5 weeks
•able to groom themselves
8 weeks
•weaning generally completed
• all baby teeth are in
• continued important socialization time
• play behavior gets rougher as weeks progress

8-14週-12週時感官發展完全，眼睛顏色顯現，14週成貓牙齒長出。
8-14 weeks
•senses will be fully developed by 12 weeks
•adult eye color established around 12 weeks
•adult teeth begin to erupt at fourteen weeks.

6-12個月大-性徵成熟，持續長大
6-12 months
•Reach sexual maturity
•continue to growth but at a slower pace

That’s all the info that I find interesting/important to share from this book.
I hope we all raise happy&healthy kitties!
以上是這本書我認為有趣/重要的內容，希望你們都有學到一些有用的小知識
請大方的給我反饋和鼓勵呦！、

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歡迎來跟我的貓咪打招呼
If you want to say Hi to my cats